I think that at least three different kinds of clusters exist but in most cases it is difficult to combine them:
- Cluster 1 is a commercially oriented cluster. The core goal is to make as much profit as possible and as soon as possible. A cluster of this kind often does not consist of more than 20 – 25 partners who consequently have to pay high member fees. This cluster does not aim at strongly contributing to the sector or the region (no events, PR for the sector, workshops etc.). An example for this kind of cluster would be in my opinion BITERAP.
- Cluster 2 focuses on public aspects: in this case a positive statement of a public authority is a prerequisite, also with respect to financial support. The number of members is significantly higher, member fees are lower. Furthermore, PR work to promote the sector and the region, political lobbying, events, workshops but also company cooperation and networking are of great importance. The main goal of this cluster is not immediate profit. An example of this cluster is Vienna IT Enterprises. (I am strongly convinced that a cluster of this kind can only function properly if supported by public co-financing because their cluster activities will also support the whole region.)
- A combination of these two cluster forms could be as follows: A part of Cluster 2 builds a separate group corresponding to the interests of Cluster 1. This new group would still be integrated in the whole cluster, but would build a strong separate group with a stronger financial role. This would lead to further benefits, such as additional profit. An example for this kind of cluster would be the GoVITE activities (sales support) initiated by Vienna IT Enterprises. (Cluster 3 is a not directly planned or supported cluster like shopping malls, technology parks etc.)
What is your opinion? Do you know of further examples of these kinds of clusters?
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